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Alloy 400 Technical Overview
Monel 400 (UNS N04400) is a solid-solution alloy that can be hardened only by cold working. It is characterized by its high strength and toughness over a wide temperature range and excellent resistance to many corrosive environments. Alloy 400 is widely used in many fields, especially marine and chemical processing. It is highly resistant to corrosion by many agents, including rapidly flowing seawater, hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, and alkalis. Its performance in marine environments is superior to most other alloys, remaining immune to chloride stress-corrosion cracking. Steel Emporium supplies Monel 400 pipes and tubes in all standard and custom dimensions for critical seafaring and industrial applications.
Key Material Advantages
Marine Stability
Excellent resistance to seawater and steam at high temperatures.
Acid Resistance
One of the few alloys resistant to hydrofluoric acid in all concentrations.
Sub-Zero Toughness
Exhibits excellent mechanical properties at sub-zero temperatures.
| Grade | Ni (Min) | Cu | Fe | Mn | C | Si | S |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monel 400 | 63.0 | 28.0 - 34.0 | 2.5 max | 2.0 max | 0.3 max | 0.5 max | 0.024 max |
| Property | Metric Value | Imperial Value |
|---|---|---|
| Tensile Strength (MPa) | 550 MPa | 80,000 psi |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | 240 MPa | 35,000 psi |
| Elongation (% in 50mm) | 40% | 40% |
| Hardness (Rockwell B) | 60 - 80 HRB | - |
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 8.80 g/cm³ (0.318 lb/in³) |
| Melting Range | 1300 - 1350 °C (2370 - 2460 °F) |
| Thermal Conductivity | 21.8 W/m·°C |
| Specific Heat | 427 J/kg·°C |
| Standard | UNS Number | Werkstoff No. | AFNOR | Common Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy 400 | N04400 | 2.4360 / 2.4361 | NU-30 | Monel 400 |
| Nominal Size (NB) | OD (mm) | SCH 10 | SCH 40 | SCH 80 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1/2" | 21.34 | 1.40 | 1.79 | 2.34 |
| 1" | 33.40 | 2.31 | 3.57 | 4.69 |
| 2" | 60.33 | 4.33 | 6.01 | 8.26 |
| 3" | 88.90 | 7.40 | 12.50 | 16.85 |
| 4" | 114.30 | 12.15 | 17.72 | 24.61 |
Industrial Applications
Marine Engineering
Ship propellers, shafts, and seawater systems.
Chemical Process
Processing vessels for salt and hydrofluoric acid.
Oil Refineries
Crude oil distillation and boiler feed heaters.
Electrical Parts
Electrical and electronic components.
Heat Exchangers
Condensers in marine and chemical industries.
Offshore Piping
Splash zone sheathing and oil well production.